The Skin Microbiome as a Systemic Immunological Regulator: From Dysbiosis to Clinical Applications
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.64784/193Keywords:
skin microbiome, dysbiosis, systemic disease, immune modulation, gut-skin axis, biomarkers, personalized medicine, dermatology, inflammation, microbiotaAbstract
ABSTRACT
The skin microbiome has emerged as a key regulator of immune function with significant implications for systemic disease. This review aims to analyze the role of cutaneous microbial communities in immune modulation and their contribution to the development, diagnosis, and treatment of systemic conditions. A structured narrative review was conducted using a scientific methodological framework, integrating evidence from dermatology, immunology, and microbiology. The findings indicate that microbial dysbiosis is consistently associated with immune imbalance, barrier dysfunction, and systemic inflammation. Key mechanisms include Toll-like receptor activation, cytokine modulation, and T-cell differentiation, which collectively influence disease progression. Additionally, the study highlights the growing relevance of the gut-skin axis as a pathway connecting local microbial changes with systemic outcomes. Diagnostic applications, particularly microbiome-based biomarkers, demonstrate potential for disease prediction and monitoring, while therapeutic strategies such as probiotics, bacteriotherapy, and antimicrobial peptides represent emerging approaches in personalized medicine. However, variability across populations and methodological heterogeneity remain significant challenges. This review underscores the importance of the skin microbiome as a central component in human health and supports its integration into future clinical and research frameworks, particularly in diverse international contexts..
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